@staticsafe I never had to learn these things explicitly. Rather, I just learned to recognise patterns. I'm told that the phishers deliberately add those typos and suspicious things to emails because they're not trying to fool actual smart people. They want the dumb or gullible ones who aren't smart enough to understand that "Dear sir or madam" would never be the greeting phrase in an email from Apple, and that Apple would never be inconsistent about fonts or mess up the layout.